WEBVTT 00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:04.580 Hello and welcome to Python Bytes, where we deliver Python news and headlines directly to 00:00:04.580 --> 00:00:09.920 your earbuds. This is episode 287, recorded June 7th, and I am Brian Okken. 00:00:09.920 --> 00:00:10.680 I'm Michael Kennedy. 00:00:10.680 --> 00:00:12.160 It's good to talk to you, Michael. 00:00:12.160 --> 00:00:13.620 Yeah, good to see you again, Brian. 00:00:13.620 --> 00:00:14.160 Yeah. 00:00:14.160 --> 00:00:18.940 Again, we've got our wardrobe matching our background here, which is fantastic. 00:00:18.940 --> 00:00:22.500 Yeah. We like, you know, texted each other in the morning to make sure. 00:00:22.500 --> 00:00:27.840 Feeling purple. I'm going to get a new shirt. No, it's great. Good to see you as always. 00:00:28.180 --> 00:00:30.340 Lots of fun Python things to talk about here. 00:00:30.340 --> 00:00:32.720 Yeah. Yeah. Well, let's jump into the first one. 00:00:32.720 --> 00:00:38.680 The first thing that I want to talk about here is distributing Python applications. 00:00:38.680 --> 00:00:45.320 Now, this is a little bit in the Python GUIs side of thing, something you just can't get enough of 00:00:45.320 --> 00:00:49.500 in terms of like, hey, could we have more ways to do this that are like awesome? 00:00:49.500 --> 00:00:51.840 How about if we had ways that were automatic? 00:00:51.840 --> 00:00:52.660 Yeah. 00:00:52.660 --> 00:01:00.360 So I want to talk about this thing by Brent Bola-Bregretz called AutoPy2exe. 00:01:00.360 --> 00:01:03.760 And it basically does what it says right in the name there. 00:01:03.760 --> 00:01:10.420 Converts a .py file to a .exe using a simple graphical interface. 00:01:10.560 --> 00:01:18.180 Now, this GitHub description is a bit of a Windows bias because it will also create it to Mac apps as well, 00:01:18.180 --> 00:01:21.300 to .app files. So it's not just a Windows thing. 00:01:21.300 --> 00:01:21.640 Cool. 00:01:21.960 --> 00:01:30.920 It's pretty popular. It has 2,000 stars, 400 forks. And what it is, is a UI on top of things like PyToApp or PyInstaller, 00:01:30.920 --> 00:01:37.400 specifically PyInstaller. So what you do is you fire this thing up and out pops this user interface 00:01:37.400 --> 00:01:41.980 that if you're watching the YouTube stream, you can see there's a user interface here. 00:01:41.980 --> 00:01:48.980 And it just says, pick the starting Python file for your application. And you can say, what do you want the output to be? 00:01:48.980 --> 00:01:51.260 One file or one directory? 00:01:51.260 --> 00:01:52.000 Okay. 00:01:52.000 --> 00:01:56.500 I think we all want it to be one file, probably generally, but maybe a directory. I don't know. 00:01:56.500 --> 00:01:59.000 What else you're going to, maybe you want to do some other things there. 00:01:59.280 --> 00:02:08.020 But what I did is I tried this against my URL by little appy thing, which let me pull that up. 00:02:08.020 --> 00:02:18.880 This is something I built a while ago with rumps. It's fantastic. Ridiculously uncomplicated menu bar apps or something like that for Mac. 00:02:18.880 --> 00:02:26.580 And all it is, is a little thing that goes up in your Mac bar and it has like, you know, sluggify text or trim it or lower cases. 00:02:26.580 --> 00:02:39.580 It's just, I'm constantly taking names of like file names and turning them into something I could put as a URL or like a title of a video or something and turning it into something that would be a good URL. 00:02:39.580 --> 00:02:47.040 So that's what this little app is for. But here's the thing is it's a Python app that runs in the menu bar on my Mac with no terminal view. 00:02:47.040 --> 00:02:56.420 And I wanted to be able to distribute it to people. And so the way you get it is you just download a zip file, which is just the zip up dot app executable. 00:02:56.420 --> 00:03:02.420 Right. So I had done a bunch of stuff with the setup and all those kinds of things with pi installer to build this. 00:03:02.420 --> 00:03:10.400 So my test case was, well, let me take this auto pi to exe thing and just point it at that and see what happens. 00:03:10.400 --> 00:03:13.180 And what happened was good things. It was really interesting. 00:03:14.040 --> 00:03:23.080 There's an app dot pi, but there's dependent Python files that it uses. I mean, I'm not a beast. I don't write my entire application in one file. 00:03:23.080 --> 00:03:29.720 Like there's other things broken apart in there and that gets bundled up and it somehow discovered that all those all in. 00:03:29.840 --> 00:03:37.840 So I just picked the top level file and it found the dependencies, you know, the requirements.txt type dependencies and so on. 00:03:37.840 --> 00:03:42.200 And it created a dot app file that as far as I could tell ran just fine. 00:03:42.200 --> 00:03:42.980 That's cool. 00:03:42.980 --> 00:03:43.640 Isn't that cool? 00:03:43.640 --> 00:03:44.620 Yeah, I like it. 00:03:44.620 --> 00:03:47.740 You can decide if it's a window based application. 00:03:47.740 --> 00:03:51.680 So hide the console, which is what I said because I want it to run in the menu bar. 00:03:51.680 --> 00:03:58.260 But if it was a console based app, but you just wanted to distribute it as a single thing with no Python, well, no Python requirements. 00:03:58.260 --> 00:04:00.220 You could create a console based app. 00:04:00.220 --> 00:04:01.220 You set the icon. 00:04:01.220 --> 00:04:03.640 You can add in additional files. 00:04:03.820 --> 00:04:12.800 So if there's like, you know, JSON configuration files or YAML files or images or something like that, you need to take a long, you can configure that there. 00:04:12.800 --> 00:04:16.780 And then there's an advanced section that expands out to be like pages of stuff that I don't remember. 00:04:16.780 --> 00:04:17.760 Same thing for settings. 00:04:17.760 --> 00:04:24.360 And then you just click the big convert to pie to EXE button and you get ironically not an EXE, but a dot app file. 00:04:24.360 --> 00:04:25.440 And there you go. 00:04:25.440 --> 00:04:26.200 That's cool. 00:04:26.200 --> 00:04:26.920 Isn't that cool? 00:04:26.920 --> 00:04:32.500 So for people who are playing around with this, I think they, you know, they even have, they must be listening to us here. 00:04:32.900 --> 00:04:38.040 They even have a little animated GIF of how this all works right on the GitHub. 00:04:38.040 --> 00:04:38.900 That's pretty good. 00:04:38.900 --> 00:04:42.780 So if you want to see how it works, I guess there's not a whole lot, but you browse for the icon. 00:04:42.780 --> 00:04:45.640 You go in there and you check off some things and then you just hit build. 00:04:45.640 --> 00:04:49.020 And it takes a little while, but you know, that's pie to EXE. 00:04:49.020 --> 00:04:49.800 That's how it goes. 00:04:49.800 --> 00:04:55.640 And it just sits there and it cranks away for a while, bundles it all up and yeah, got a little executable. 00:04:55.640 --> 00:05:02.160 So if this is something you want to play with, but you're like, ah, it's kind of a real pain to go and figure out, you know, 00:05:02.200 --> 00:05:11.820 all the setup pie commands in order to get it to do the pie installer commands and whatnot, then, you know, you can definitely give this a shot. 00:05:11.820 --> 00:05:12.520 I think it's pretty neat. 00:05:12.520 --> 00:05:15.360 I think with mine, I didn't use pie to installer. 00:05:15.360 --> 00:05:16.740 I think I use pie to app. 00:05:16.740 --> 00:05:17.120 Yeah. 00:05:17.120 --> 00:05:17.720 That's what I used. 00:05:17.720 --> 00:05:18.900 So pretty neat. 00:05:18.900 --> 00:05:19.320 Yeah. 00:05:19.320 --> 00:05:19.920 Check that out. 00:05:19.920 --> 00:05:20.460 Nice. 00:05:20.580 --> 00:05:23.900 I think people will find it helpful for ways to distribute Python apps. 00:05:23.900 --> 00:05:24.540 Yeah. 00:05:24.540 --> 00:05:27.500 And I like that it looks pretty professional looking. 00:05:27.500 --> 00:05:34.860 And then also, especially, I mean, especially with internal, like internal company stuff, there's, that happens a lot where you want to share something. 00:05:34.860 --> 00:05:35.260 Yeah. 00:05:35.260 --> 00:05:35.840 Around. 00:05:35.840 --> 00:05:36.180 Yeah. 00:05:36.180 --> 00:05:36.280 Yeah. 00:05:36.280 --> 00:05:37.600 Like just download this and run it. 00:05:37.600 --> 00:05:42.660 Please don't ask me how to set up a path so that your Python, that's not Python three, three. 00:05:42.660 --> 00:05:43.540 Yeah. 00:05:43.760 --> 00:05:45.420 So whatever, right, is the one that runs it. 00:05:45.420 --> 00:05:47.180 Nobody needs to know that it's Python underneath. 00:05:47.180 --> 00:05:47.580 So. 00:05:47.580 --> 00:05:48.860 Yeah, exactly. 00:05:48.860 --> 00:05:49.640 So. 00:05:49.640 --> 00:05:50.280 Oh, cool. 00:05:50.280 --> 00:05:50.980 I like it. 00:05:50.980 --> 00:05:54.580 Oh, one other thing, by the way, it's a GUI application. 00:05:54.580 --> 00:05:56.080 It's self-written in Python. 00:05:56.080 --> 00:05:59.260 So you may wonder, well, what is it doing, right? 00:05:59.260 --> 00:06:01.000 Maybe it's bundled itself. 00:06:01.000 --> 00:06:02.860 Obviously, that'd be very meta, right? 00:06:02.860 --> 00:06:07.760 Like if autopy2xc could deliver an autopy2xc itself, that's obviously lovely. 00:06:07.760 --> 00:06:12.720 It reminded me that I have Chrome installed when I ran it. 00:06:13.100 --> 00:06:17.620 So what it does is it runs something in the background, then it fires up Chrome, which 00:06:17.620 --> 00:06:23.160 becomes the UI in this kind of Windows looking Chrome window. 00:06:23.160 --> 00:06:28.060 And it's not quite an Electron app, but it's Electron in a style. 00:06:28.060 --> 00:06:32.060 So anyway, it's an interesting little UI app itself. 00:06:32.060 --> 00:06:34.420 I'm not sure what it's doing, but it works. 00:06:34.420 --> 00:06:35.060 Nice. 00:06:35.060 --> 00:06:35.960 All right. 00:06:35.960 --> 00:06:38.820 Well, I'd like to talk about Jupyter. 00:06:38.820 --> 00:06:40.320 So Jupyter Notebooks. 00:06:40.320 --> 00:06:40.760 Oh, yeah. 00:06:40.760 --> 00:06:41.940 So this is. 00:06:41.940 --> 00:06:42.500 How do you use it? 00:06:42.940 --> 00:06:43.640 How do you use it? 00:06:43.640 --> 00:06:49.100 So like, I was just fascinated by the clickbaitiness of this, but it's okay. 00:06:49.100 --> 00:06:54.240 Eight surprising ways to, eight surprising ways how to use Jupyter Notebooks. 00:06:54.240 --> 00:06:57.760 And I got to say, I didn't know you could do some of this stuff with Jupyter. 00:06:57.760 --> 00:06:58.620 So it's pretty cool. 00:06:58.620 --> 00:07:01.200 So the first one, package development. 00:07:01.200 --> 00:07:02.140 Why would you? 00:07:02.140 --> 00:07:03.100 I don't know why. 00:07:03.100 --> 00:07:08.540 But, you know, some people that are more comfortable in Jupyter than they are in IDE or something. 00:07:08.920 --> 00:07:09.420 Maybe it's good. 00:07:09.420 --> 00:07:16.540 So there's a package called MB Dev that you can use to, and it's by a company called Fast 00:07:16.540 --> 00:07:25.620 AI that you can use to help with package development, including, you know, trying to get your CI working 00:07:25.620 --> 00:07:30.420 and your tests all in one place and demos and documentation and stuff. 00:07:30.500 --> 00:07:31.440 So that's kind of neat. 00:07:31.440 --> 00:07:32.840 Like that idea. 00:07:32.840 --> 00:07:36.120 Oh, I definitely should try to play with that to see how that works. 00:07:36.120 --> 00:07:38.860 Apparently there's a video. 00:07:38.860 --> 00:07:42.040 Somebody gave a talk around it, I guess, maybe. 00:07:42.040 --> 00:07:42.520 Lovely. 00:07:42.520 --> 00:07:43.040 Yeah. 00:07:43.040 --> 00:07:44.340 Build a web app. 00:07:44.340 --> 00:07:47.280 So building a web app with Jupyter. 00:07:47.400 --> 00:07:49.300 I think that's actually a pretty cool idea. 00:07:49.300 --> 00:07:51.920 There's several suggestions using Voila. 00:07:51.920 --> 00:07:53.080 I think we covered that. 00:07:53.080 --> 00:07:55.360 I think, yeah, we've covered that before. 00:07:55.360 --> 00:07:56.720 But the other one, I don't think we have. 00:07:56.720 --> 00:07:57.500 PyPy widgets. 00:07:57.500 --> 00:08:00.340 I'm not sure what that one is. 00:08:00.340 --> 00:08:03.060 So I haven't looked at the widgets thing. 00:08:03.060 --> 00:08:06.020 But, you know, more widgets within your window. 00:08:06.020 --> 00:08:06.340 Sure. 00:08:06.340 --> 00:08:06.700 Why not? 00:08:06.700 --> 00:08:07.600 Why are there no? 00:08:07.600 --> 00:08:08.740 It's a widgets thing. 00:08:08.740 --> 00:08:10.780 You'd think there'd be images on the readme. 00:08:10.780 --> 00:08:11.580 Anyway. 00:08:11.580 --> 00:08:14.880 And then a framework called Mercury. 00:08:14.880 --> 00:08:17.180 And this shows up several times in this. 00:08:17.180 --> 00:08:25.400 So Mercury does a lot of stuff around Jupyter Notebooks and doing extra things. 00:08:25.400 --> 00:08:27.860 So this shows up several times in this list. 00:08:27.860 --> 00:08:33.900 So for one, for creating a web app, which is kind of neat, 00:08:33.900 --> 00:08:36.640 especially if you're sharing data and have interactive stuff, 00:08:36.640 --> 00:08:40.100 you might have doing stuff with a web application. 00:08:40.260 --> 00:08:40.920 That would be cool. 00:08:40.920 --> 00:08:42.240 Slide deck. 00:08:42.240 --> 00:08:43.660 Got to love it. 00:08:43.660 --> 00:08:50.460 I definitely want to try this out because using NB Convert or Mercury, 00:08:50.460 --> 00:08:54.120 apparently Mercury does that too, uses Reveal.js. 00:08:54.120 --> 00:08:57.660 I think a lot of people have tried Reveal.js before for slides. 00:08:57.660 --> 00:09:01.780 But building it within notebooks, building your slide decks within notebooks, 00:09:01.780 --> 00:09:06.240 and then having that just run, that's cool. 00:09:06.240 --> 00:09:07.460 Building a book. 00:09:07.460 --> 00:09:09.440 This is something else that sounds pretty interesting. 00:09:09.440 --> 00:09:14.640 I'd like to try doing some code, a notebook, a book-like thing. 00:09:14.640 --> 00:09:17.260 Now, I don't have, I'm curious about this. 00:09:17.260 --> 00:09:22.180 So the book, you build a website that looks like a book, but that's not a book. 00:09:22.980 --> 00:09:32.020 So it says it can be exported to a PDF file, but I don't see anywhere you're exporting to an EPUB or MOBI. 00:09:32.020 --> 00:09:35.700 So, you know, I call BS on whether that this is a book. 00:09:36.200 --> 00:09:39.420 This is a website that holds book contents as far as I can tell. 00:09:39.420 --> 00:09:40.560 Still cool, though. 00:09:40.560 --> 00:09:41.820 Running a blog. 00:09:41.820 --> 00:09:44.780 This is something I had no idea Nicola could do. 00:09:44.780 --> 00:09:45.920 So Nicola? 00:09:45.920 --> 00:09:46.840 Nicola? 00:09:46.840 --> 00:09:48.180 I don't know how to pronounce that. 00:09:48.180 --> 00:09:50.600 I've ran across it before. 00:09:50.600 --> 00:09:55.260 I'm not sure what we've covered it, but it's a static site generator. 00:09:56.200 --> 00:10:02.660 And it apparently can take notebooks files and just run notebooks as a blog. 00:10:02.660 --> 00:10:04.060 So that's pretty cool. 00:10:04.060 --> 00:10:05.500 Notebooks as a blog. 00:10:05.500 --> 00:10:06.280 Oh, that's interesting. 00:10:06.280 --> 00:10:07.480 Well, yeah. 00:10:07.480 --> 00:10:11.400 Especially if you're going to write about like some Python technique or something, you just do a little demo of it. 00:10:11.400 --> 00:10:15.840 And then publish that as a text thing, or I don't know if it outputs. 00:10:15.840 --> 00:10:17.400 I didn't read it close enough. 00:10:17.400 --> 00:10:23.460 Outputs the exports every notebook to an HTML file and then publish all the files on a static website. 00:10:23.460 --> 00:10:24.320 That's pretty neat. 00:10:24.320 --> 00:10:30.720 Doing reports and dashboards, that's kind of like Jupyter would rock at that. 00:10:30.720 --> 00:10:32.800 And I think we've covered stuff like this before. 00:10:32.800 --> 00:10:39.280 But one of the things in the dashboard section that I thought was neat was this Mercury tool has a schedule option. 00:10:39.700 --> 00:10:47.040 So once you set up the report, you can schedule it to execute, you know, like once a day or every hour or something like that. 00:10:47.040 --> 00:10:54.400 And that's pretty neat to not have it do constantly, but update your dashboard at a time. 00:10:54.400 --> 00:10:55.280 I do like that. 00:10:55.280 --> 00:10:56.060 That's really cool. 00:10:56.060 --> 00:11:00.120 So you could have some kind of dashboard instead of creating it in the full web app. 00:11:00.120 --> 00:11:01.520 You just publish this. 00:11:01.520 --> 00:11:03.520 But obviously you want it to refresh, right? 00:11:03.520 --> 00:11:03.960 Yeah. 00:11:03.960 --> 00:11:04.580 Yep. 00:11:04.580 --> 00:11:06.820 So anyway, that. 00:11:06.820 --> 00:11:07.920 Oh, last one. 00:11:07.920 --> 00:11:08.700 REST API. 00:11:08.980 --> 00:11:12.040 This is interesting. 00:11:12.040 --> 00:11:14.940 I wouldn't have thought to build a REST API with Jupyter. 00:11:14.940 --> 00:11:18.360 So I guess you can do all this stuff. 00:11:18.360 --> 00:11:20.660 Whether or not you should, I guess it's up to you. 00:11:20.660 --> 00:11:21.980 But anyway. 00:11:21.980 --> 00:11:22.880 Yeah, for sure. 00:11:22.880 --> 00:11:28.720 Anthony on the audience says, Nicola works well as a static blog generator, preferred over Pelican. 00:11:28.720 --> 00:11:31.320 Well, that's saying something. 00:11:31.320 --> 00:11:31.960 Nice. 00:11:31.960 --> 00:11:32.720 That is. 00:11:32.720 --> 00:11:33.800 Yeah. 00:11:34.800 --> 00:11:39.360 Brian, wouldn't it be good to know which ones are like more popular, which ones maybe you should depend upon? 00:11:39.360 --> 00:11:40.100 Yeah. 00:11:40.100 --> 00:11:41.020 All right. 00:11:41.020 --> 00:11:41.500 Well, Al. 00:11:41.500 --> 00:11:42.100 I took it over. 00:11:42.100 --> 00:11:42.660 Let's. 00:11:42.660 --> 00:11:44.040 That's all right. 00:11:44.360 --> 00:11:47.780 So this one is from, let me get it right here. 00:11:47.780 --> 00:11:50.620 This one is from Tankala Ashok. 00:11:50.620 --> 00:11:54.680 And they built this one, this thing called pip Trends. 00:11:55.000 --> 00:11:57.900 It's modeled a little bit after npm Trends. 00:11:57.900 --> 00:12:04.160 And it just lets you compare the popularity of packages based on their GitHub statistics. 00:12:04.160 --> 00:12:10.160 So GitHub statistics, you know, that's one metric of popularity, but let's give it a bit of a run. 00:12:10.280 --> 00:12:19.560 So what about if we type Flask says, it immediately pulls up a nice little autocomplete that says Flask, a simple web framework for building complex web applications. 00:12:19.560 --> 00:12:22.920 But then all the other ones like Flask to Postman and so on. 00:12:22.920 --> 00:12:23.920 It's kind of interesting. 00:12:23.920 --> 00:12:26.560 I didn't really, didn't really know about Flask to Postman. 00:12:26.560 --> 00:12:28.840 Maybe that we'll talk about that next time, but let's pick Flask. 00:12:28.840 --> 00:12:34.100 And then immediately, immediately says, well, what else might you consider along with this? 00:12:34.100 --> 00:12:37.060 Like, well, how about FastAPI and Django? 00:12:37.060 --> 00:12:39.120 And what do we have? 00:12:39.120 --> 00:12:41.140 It also suggested Bottle for a little while. 00:12:41.140 --> 00:12:42.680 So we'll throw Bottle in there maybe. 00:12:42.680 --> 00:12:43.700 And let's do a search. 00:12:43.700 --> 00:12:47.680 And it comes up with a graph that honestly surprised me a fair amount. 00:12:47.680 --> 00:12:52.860 There's different levels of popularity, but that's not the first thing that surprised me. 00:12:52.860 --> 00:12:58.980 The first thing that surprised me is the regular cycles that all of these packages seem to go through. 00:12:58.980 --> 00:13:00.260 Does that seem strange to you? 00:13:00.260 --> 00:13:04.440 Well, I've noticed it before and I don't really know what's going on. 00:13:04.440 --> 00:13:05.160 Is it the weekends? 00:13:05.160 --> 00:13:05.880 Yes. 00:13:05.880 --> 00:13:06.580 Very good. 00:13:06.580 --> 00:13:08.720 So four or five was the weekend. 00:13:08.720 --> 00:13:10.180 Six, four, six, five. 00:13:10.180 --> 00:13:11.380 And that's where the dip is. 00:13:11.380 --> 00:13:14.760 So people download stuff less on the weekends because there's less. 00:13:14.760 --> 00:13:15.920 Create me a new environment. 00:13:15.920 --> 00:13:16.800 Create me a new project. 00:13:16.800 --> 00:13:17.640 Check it out. 00:13:17.640 --> 00:13:18.340 Set it up. 00:13:18.340 --> 00:13:22.740 All that kind of stuff, which is healthy, but there's still a decent number of downloads going on the weekend there. 00:13:22.740 --> 00:13:29.220 Yeah, I kind of wish that I'd like to see a seven-day moving window, moving average for PyPI. 00:13:29.220 --> 00:13:34.020 Yeah, yeah, like a different window averaging or projecting function. 00:13:34.020 --> 00:13:40.700 Anyway, what we get here is we see that Flask, sorry, FastAPI and Django are super similar, 00:13:40.700 --> 00:13:44.640 like almost tied according to GitHub statistics. 00:13:44.640 --> 00:13:45.460 And these are downloads. 00:13:45.460 --> 00:13:47.380 I don't think you get downloads from GitHub. 00:13:47.380 --> 00:13:50.940 I think this is probably from PyPI or BigQuery or something. 00:13:50.940 --> 00:13:52.520 I'm not sure where those numbers are coming from. 00:13:52.520 --> 00:13:58.740 Because I don't know where those are on these like time series download numbers are on GitHub. 00:13:58.740 --> 00:14:00.800 So they're probably coming from somewhere else. 00:14:00.800 --> 00:14:07.580 But yeah, you can throw different projects in here and say, oh, this one's relatively popular compared to that or whatever. 00:14:07.580 --> 00:14:08.180 What do you think? 00:14:08.180 --> 00:14:10.660 I think it's kind of neat, especially with comparing. 00:14:10.660 --> 00:14:16.360 I mean, I've used to, there's other ways to get the stats, but having, being able to grab a few related ones, 00:14:16.360 --> 00:14:18.280 having suggestions is kind of neat too. 00:14:18.920 --> 00:14:19.360 Yeah. 00:14:19.360 --> 00:14:19.540 Yeah. 00:14:19.540 --> 00:14:20.300 So it looks. 00:14:20.300 --> 00:14:22.160 It also has some more information about the package. 00:14:22.160 --> 00:14:24.580 Like if you go to Flask, it's 12 years old. 00:14:24.580 --> 00:14:26.340 It has 45 versions. 00:14:26.340 --> 00:14:29.120 Its last release was one month ago. 00:14:29.120 --> 00:14:31.000 Its dev status is stable. 00:14:31.000 --> 00:14:32.360 It requires Python 3.7. 00:14:32.360 --> 00:14:34.680 Gives the license and who it's intended for. 00:14:34.680 --> 00:14:40.360 And you can see similarly for FastAPI, for Django and Bottle and so on. 00:14:40.580 --> 00:14:41.080 Oh, cool. 00:14:41.080 --> 00:14:47.240 Also down here in the GitHub stats, you can see like Flask, there's 59,000 stars. 00:14:47.240 --> 00:14:49.860 For Django, there's 64,000 stars. 00:14:49.860 --> 00:14:51.300 Number of open PRs. 00:14:51.300 --> 00:14:54.020 Wow, FastAPI has a lot of open PRs and issues. 00:14:54.020 --> 00:14:55.600 That's crazy. 00:14:55.600 --> 00:14:57.540 When it was last updated and so on. 00:14:57.540 --> 00:15:00.100 So yeah, and it also gives you more comparisons down here. 00:15:00.100 --> 00:15:01.440 Like, well, that was fun. 00:15:01.440 --> 00:15:05.220 What about Flask versus Django versus FastAPI, which is what we did. 00:15:05.220 --> 00:15:07.280 Or NumPy versus Pandas, for example. 00:15:07.280 --> 00:15:08.740 You can see them and so on. 00:15:09.020 --> 00:15:09.620 That's pretty neat. 00:15:09.620 --> 00:15:10.280 I like it. 00:15:10.280 --> 00:15:10.700 Yeah. 00:15:10.700 --> 00:15:11.200 Yeah. 00:15:11.200 --> 00:15:13.760 So piptrends.com, you can check it out. 00:15:13.760 --> 00:15:17.740 So I want to talk about, what do I want to talk about? 00:15:17.740 --> 00:15:19.060 Class, being classy. 00:15:19.060 --> 00:15:22.120 Actually, being callable. 00:15:22.120 --> 00:15:27.580 So Trey Hunter put this blog post out called, is it a class or a function? 00:15:27.580 --> 00:15:28.920 It's a callable. 00:15:28.920 --> 00:15:34.500 And this is actually something that I guess I realized I just sort of got used to with Python. 00:15:34.500 --> 00:15:38.320 It's a lot more, if you call something. 00:15:38.320 --> 00:15:42.960 Like, as if you would call a function, it might not be a function. 00:15:42.960 --> 00:15:44.100 It might be a class. 00:15:44.100 --> 00:15:46.480 It might be an object that's callable. 00:15:46.480 --> 00:15:47.680 It might be a class object. 00:15:47.680 --> 00:15:50.140 All sorts of stuff you could do. 00:15:50.140 --> 00:15:57.100 Like, just to be clear, we were talking about, or he talks about classes are callables. 00:15:57.100 --> 00:16:03.480 So in like JavaScript or C++, you'd have to say new something. 00:16:03.480 --> 00:16:07.000 So you'd have to say like a new date object or something. 00:16:07.000 --> 00:16:12.220 But in Python, you just call date time with some parameters and you get back a date time object. 00:16:12.220 --> 00:16:13.220 That's neat. 00:16:13.960 --> 00:16:21.700 But so it's just, I guess, this is a good article to go through just to realize that you don't really have to care. 00:16:21.700 --> 00:16:25.480 There's a whole bunch of stuff that act like functions. 00:16:25.480 --> 00:16:27.240 And it's okay if they're not functions. 00:16:27.240 --> 00:16:29.280 You just have to know if it's callable. 00:16:29.740 --> 00:16:37.220 And he talks a little bit about using a knit, a dunder a knit, to make something callable. 00:16:37.220 --> 00:16:37.820 That works. 00:16:37.820 --> 00:16:43.380 Properties are like decorators or a thing that are a callable item. 00:16:43.380 --> 00:16:50.240 There's some, it's just a good discussion about all of this. 00:16:50.680 --> 00:16:52.440 I thought this was a fascinating article. 00:16:52.440 --> 00:16:56.540 And I'm not sure I ever really thought about partials before. 00:16:56.540 --> 00:17:03.100 Like a partial function is a, is a, like a function that creates a, almost creates an object. 00:17:03.100 --> 00:17:07.700 And then you call it with some more stuff and then it creates a, the rest of it or creates an, anyway. 00:17:07.700 --> 00:17:08.760 Maybe I got that wrong. 00:17:08.760 --> 00:17:09.920 Yeah. 00:17:09.920 --> 00:17:10.620 From functools. 00:17:10.620 --> 00:17:11.920 I'd never used partial before. 00:17:11.920 --> 00:17:12.620 Okay. 00:17:12.620 --> 00:17:13.080 Yeah. 00:17:13.080 --> 00:17:20.000 And then there's a, there's a call decorator or a call dunder method that you can use that 00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:22.720 is helps out with making partials. 00:17:22.720 --> 00:17:31.280 And, and talks about iterators and decorators and all sorts of stuff like that, that actually 00:17:31.280 --> 00:17:33.820 act like callables, but they're not, they're like objects. 00:17:33.820 --> 00:17:39.660 The thing that I don't know where this is, but the thing, there's a, a statement in here 00:17:39.660 --> 00:17:40.700 that I thought was amazing. 00:17:40.700 --> 00:17:47.560 So there's a, there's a page on the PyPI documentation of the built-in functions within Python. 00:17:47.980 --> 00:17:56.000 And, and Trey points out that of the 69, there's 69 listed built-in functions within Python. 00:17:56.000 --> 00:17:59.260 Only 42 are actually implemented as functions. 00:17:59.260 --> 00:18:02.020 26 of them are, 26 are classes. 00:18:02.020 --> 00:18:06.320 And, and one is a instance of a callable class. 00:18:06.320 --> 00:18:11.240 So like, and some of them have in Python two, there were more. 00:18:11.240 --> 00:18:17.000 And some of the, some of them got converted like a map and filter and range and zip used 00:18:17.000 --> 00:18:17.660 to be functions. 00:18:17.660 --> 00:18:21.100 And now they're objects or classes or something. 00:18:21.100 --> 00:18:24.560 The len function, they use that all the time, right? 00:18:24.560 --> 00:18:25.480 It's not a function. 00:18:25.480 --> 00:18:25.860 Right. 00:18:25.860 --> 00:18:27.360 It's a callable class. 00:18:27.360 --> 00:18:28.740 Okay. 00:18:28.740 --> 00:18:34.200 And zip, the like reversed enumerate range filter use those all the time. 00:18:34.200 --> 00:18:36.380 They're not functions, but they're callable. 00:18:36.380 --> 00:18:42.460 So anyway, I just thought that was an interesting take on Python is different than other languages. 00:18:42.460 --> 00:18:44.060 It's different. 00:18:44.060 --> 00:18:44.340 Yeah. 00:18:44.340 --> 00:18:48.140 A lot of, a lot of languages you would never have that ambiguity, right? 00:18:48.140 --> 00:18:51.940 But it's the kind of ambiguity that you don't need to know or be aware of. 00:18:51.940 --> 00:18:53.260 So yeah. 00:18:53.260 --> 00:18:56.220 So maybe ignore this article, but no, no, no. 00:18:56.220 --> 00:18:57.320 I mean, it's interesting to know. 00:18:57.320 --> 00:19:01.380 I'm just saying like, it's, it's not necessarily a problem that it's not super clear whether it's 00:19:01.380 --> 00:19:04.360 a class or function because you call it and it does the thing you want it to do. 00:19:04.360 --> 00:19:05.220 So you're good to go. 00:19:05.220 --> 00:19:05.760 Yeah. 00:19:05.760 --> 00:19:09.080 Like Sam, Sam Morley pointed out here. 00:19:09.080 --> 00:19:10.980 Partial is useful. 00:19:10.980 --> 00:19:16.180 I think, I think it can be pickled unlike typical closures that can't might be wrong. 00:19:16.180 --> 00:19:21.200 But it just made me think about we, in other languages, they really do talk about closures 00:19:21.200 --> 00:19:22.880 a lot and things like that. 00:19:22.880 --> 00:19:24.340 And we just don't have to care. 00:19:24.340 --> 00:19:25.020 It just works. 00:19:25.020 --> 00:19:25.500 I don't know. 00:19:25.500 --> 00:19:26.180 It just works. 00:19:26.180 --> 00:19:27.140 Yep. 00:19:27.140 --> 00:19:28.120 Very nice. 00:19:28.120 --> 00:19:28.660 Very nice. 00:19:28.660 --> 00:19:30.200 Well, we're at the. 00:19:30.380 --> 00:19:32.060 Brian, we, yeah, we flew through those. 00:19:32.060 --> 00:19:33.380 We did fly through them. 00:19:33.380 --> 00:19:35.780 So, and we forgot to plug our stuff. 00:19:35.780 --> 00:19:37.440 So we did. 00:19:37.440 --> 00:19:41.220 Instead of a sponsor today, we've got work sponsored by us. 00:19:41.220 --> 00:19:45.380 So I want to make sure that everybody that is thinking about trying to learn something new 00:19:45.380 --> 00:19:51.740 in Python first, check out Talk Python Training because Michael has a whole bunch of awesome 00:19:51.740 --> 00:19:56.280 courses and, and you can, I'm sure you can learn something for just a few bucks. 00:19:56.280 --> 00:19:57.900 So good prices. 00:19:58.480 --> 00:20:01.240 And a new book version two edition two. 00:20:01.240 --> 00:20:01.880 Yeah. 00:20:01.880 --> 00:20:03.600 I've had a lot of good, a lot of good feedback. 00:20:03.600 --> 00:20:05.740 I love, one of the things I love is getting pictures. 00:20:05.740 --> 00:20:11.480 I don't know why, but having somebody take a picture either of themselves holding the Python 00:20:11.480 --> 00:20:13.200 testing with pytest second edition. 00:20:13.200 --> 00:20:17.460 Heck, you can do the first edition too, if that's what you got, but either holding it somewhere 00:20:17.460 --> 00:20:22.280 unique, like out in a park or at, you know, near a monument or something. 00:20:22.280 --> 00:20:23.100 That would be so cool. 00:20:23.180 --> 00:20:24.440 I love it when people send me pictures. 00:20:24.440 --> 00:20:26.160 So yeah, that's awesome. 00:20:26.160 --> 00:20:27.540 Got any extras? 00:20:27.540 --> 00:20:28.300 I have some extras. 00:20:28.300 --> 00:20:29.120 Yes. 00:20:29.120 --> 00:20:29.980 You know that I do. 00:20:29.980 --> 00:20:30.600 All right. 00:20:30.600 --> 00:20:33.260 So this first one here, let's, let's check this out. 00:20:33.260 --> 00:20:35.300 So this is interesting. 00:20:35.300 --> 00:20:39.940 This comes by way of Dan Bader and it's the Orion browser. 00:20:40.720 --> 00:20:44.360 Just when you thought there was no more room for new browsers, here's the new browser. 00:20:44.360 --> 00:20:45.600 This one is different. 00:20:45.600 --> 00:20:47.880 So you can see I'm running Vivaldi these days. 00:20:47.880 --> 00:20:48.420 I love that. 00:20:48.420 --> 00:20:51.940 Other people are using Brave, right? 00:20:51.940 --> 00:20:57.800 And so all of those browsers take the Chromium engine, strip off the Google stuff, and then 00:20:57.800 --> 00:21:05.480 put their own shell, many times more private privacy protecting and so on around them. 00:21:05.480 --> 00:21:05.980 Right. 00:21:06.300 --> 00:21:08.500 And we've got Firefox, which is awesome. 00:21:08.500 --> 00:21:09.780 It's got its own engine. 00:21:09.780 --> 00:21:10.580 It doesn't do that. 00:21:10.580 --> 00:21:15.920 But almost every other browser is let's take Chrome and Chromium and wrap it up in our own 00:21:15.920 --> 00:21:19.580 flavor of our thing with our own philosophy on how the web should be. 00:21:19.580 --> 00:21:23.280 So this Orion browser is that, but for Safari. 00:21:23.280 --> 00:21:24.740 Interesting. 00:21:24.740 --> 00:21:29.740 So if you're into Safari, you know, it has things like on your Mac, it has better battery 00:21:29.740 --> 00:21:30.760 life and so on. 00:21:30.880 --> 00:21:35.040 But think of it as like, I think Brave is probably the closest analogy. 00:21:35.040 --> 00:21:40.520 It's like Brave for Safari without the crypto, but it's, you know, got built in ad blocking. 00:21:40.520 --> 00:21:43.860 It's got built in tracker blocking and all that. 00:21:43.860 --> 00:21:51.900 One of the big drawbacks of Safari is you don't get access to the Firefox or the Chrome extensions, 00:21:51.900 --> 00:21:52.480 right? 00:21:52.480 --> 00:21:53.820 You just get the Safari ones. 00:21:54.300 --> 00:21:59.860 But this one has compatibility both for Firefox and Chrome extensions. 00:21:59.860 --> 00:22:00.660 Wow. 00:22:00.660 --> 00:22:00.960 In there. 00:22:00.960 --> 00:22:02.260 So you could, isn't that cool? 00:22:02.260 --> 00:22:09.000 So you can run this privacy protecting anti-tracker Safari with Chrome extensions. 00:22:09.000 --> 00:22:11.760 So it's just out in beta, I believe. 00:22:11.760 --> 00:22:13.340 It's not, yeah, it's out in beta right now. 00:22:13.340 --> 00:22:18.560 So I'm not sure where it is or where it's going to go, but it's a pretty interesting take, 00:22:18.560 --> 00:22:18.880 isn't it? 00:22:18.880 --> 00:22:19.280 Yeah. 00:22:19.280 --> 00:22:20.660 It's certified snappy. 00:22:20.660 --> 00:22:22.260 Certified snappy. 00:22:23.100 --> 00:22:23.800 I like it. 00:22:23.800 --> 00:22:27.740 And it's, I really like its privacy aspect. 00:22:27.740 --> 00:22:35.620 So I think the privacy space, and you brought this up, the privacy space is, there's convenience 00:22:35.620 --> 00:22:41.300 and there's speed, but I think that's a place where people can, we can open up the browser 00:22:41.300 --> 00:22:41.980 wars again. 00:22:41.980 --> 00:22:43.080 Yes. 00:22:43.080 --> 00:22:50.180 Because in a good way to try to limit some of the privacy concerns or minimize them. 00:22:50.180 --> 00:22:51.140 Yeah. 00:22:51.360 --> 00:22:57.680 Nobody at Mozilla asked me, but I'll give it, you know, Firefox is having trouble sort 00:22:57.680 --> 00:22:58.840 of keeping its market share. 00:22:58.840 --> 00:23:04.940 I think if it could triple down as the browser that you cannot be tracked with the browser 00:23:04.940 --> 00:23:09.160 that will absolutely preserve your privacy and then add services around that. 00:23:09.160 --> 00:23:10.260 I think that would be great. 00:23:10.260 --> 00:23:11.560 The big challenges. 00:23:11.760 --> 00:23:17.560 Well, I guess, you know, they're 99, 90% funded by Google, an ad company who doesn't want 00:23:17.560 --> 00:23:18.240 that. 00:23:18.240 --> 00:23:22.660 So there's this, this interesting tension, but I think, you know, that's a path that I think 00:23:22.660 --> 00:23:24.340 Firefox should be taking as well. 00:23:24.340 --> 00:23:30.200 But I guess I forgot about that, that Google was so, such a big stake in Firefox. 00:23:31.080 --> 00:23:31.280 Right. 00:23:31.280 --> 00:23:33.240 I think that limits their, their playbook. 00:23:33.240 --> 00:23:35.540 I think they can't do things like we're going to make it. 00:23:35.540 --> 00:23:36.840 So we're invisible. 00:23:36.840 --> 00:23:42.880 If you use Firefox basically, because their biggest supporter would not totally love that, 00:23:42.880 --> 00:23:43.160 would they? 00:23:43.640 --> 00:23:48.440 So anyway, this is a zero telemetry browser and whatnot. 00:23:48.440 --> 00:23:50.000 And you can go and download it. 00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:57.320 Apparently it works on Apple Silicon and Intel, but obviously being a Safari wrapper, I believe 00:23:57.320 --> 00:24:04.800 it only works on, I think, Mac and iOS things, iOS, iPad and macOS. 00:24:04.800 --> 00:24:07.380 But if you're on those, it's a pretty interesting take. 00:24:07.380 --> 00:24:10.900 And just from the browser wars in general, I think it's pretty interesting to track. 00:24:10.900 --> 00:24:12.020 Yeah, definitely. 00:24:12.020 --> 00:24:12.740 It's cool. 00:24:12.740 --> 00:24:13.300 All right. 00:24:13.460 --> 00:24:15.280 One more quick extra and then off to you. 00:24:15.280 --> 00:24:23.440 So last year we all did the PSF plus JetBrains developer survey, which is supported by and 00:24:23.440 --> 00:24:26.700 analyzed by JetBrains, but is really a PSF survey. 00:24:26.700 --> 00:24:32.020 And we had 23,000 Python developers and enthusiasts participate. 00:24:32.020 --> 00:24:33.500 Well, the results are out. 00:24:33.500 --> 00:24:35.220 So people can go check those out. 00:24:35.220 --> 00:24:41.260 Now I've got a whole lot more analysis that I'd like to do before I talk about it, but they're, 00:24:41.260 --> 00:24:42.180 they're already out. 00:24:42.280 --> 00:24:45.980 So people can start looking around there and I'll give you more details next week. 00:24:45.980 --> 00:24:46.480 Yeah. 00:24:46.480 --> 00:24:46.840 Cool. 00:24:46.840 --> 00:24:47.320 Yeah. 00:24:47.320 --> 00:24:48.600 We should definitely cover it next week. 00:24:48.600 --> 00:24:49.060 That'd be fun. 00:24:49.060 --> 00:24:50.260 Absolutely. 00:24:50.260 --> 00:24:51.020 All right. 00:24:51.020 --> 00:24:51.340 How about you? 00:24:51.340 --> 00:24:52.940 I've got a small thing. 00:24:53.100 --> 00:24:54.920 I'm not sure. 00:24:54.920 --> 00:24:55.240 sure. 00:24:55.240 --> 00:25:01.240 It really needed an entire section, but Ned Batchelder did what's in which Python. 00:25:01.240 --> 00:25:07.900 So it's a page that has basically everything from, what did he have? 00:25:07.900 --> 00:25:10.480 From 2.1 to 3.11. 00:25:10.480 --> 00:25:12.300 3.11. 00:25:12.300 --> 00:25:17.940 Not like everything that's in every version, but some of the big hitters that you might know. 00:25:17.940 --> 00:25:22.900 So like 3.10 has union types and structural pattern matching. 00:25:22.900 --> 00:25:26.200 And what do you get with 3.11? 00:25:26.340 --> 00:25:29.140 Well, we know it's faster, but do we get like how much? 00:25:29.140 --> 00:25:32.480 And it's 10 to 60% faster than 3.10. 00:25:32.480 --> 00:25:33.220 That's amazing. 00:25:33.220 --> 00:25:35.160 And then exactly. 00:25:35.160 --> 00:25:41.020 That's really amazing that after 30 years, they're like, oh, you know, this year we're going to make it 50% faster. 00:25:41.240 --> 00:25:42.580 Like that's, that's incredible. 00:25:42.580 --> 00:25:43.340 I'm glad that's happening. 00:25:43.340 --> 00:25:43.700 Yeah. 00:25:43.700 --> 00:25:46.320 And then a new module Toml lib is coming. 00:25:46.320 --> 00:25:54.200 So like, which is interesting that we've got pyproject.toml and it's, it wasn't part of the standard library yet. 00:25:54.200 --> 00:26:03.500 So, but a whole bunch of things, like if you can't remember, like if for some reason you forgot f-strings came in and what was it? 00:26:03.500 --> 00:26:04.440 3.6. 00:26:04.440 --> 00:26:05.220 Apparently I forgot. 00:26:05.220 --> 00:26:10.460 So they came in in 3.6 because it's on the list unless, unless Ned got it wrong, which probably didn't. 00:26:11.000 --> 00:26:14.900 So now I think 3.6, I think that's the biggest mover for 3.6 there. 00:26:14.900 --> 00:26:15.600 Yeah. 00:26:15.600 --> 00:26:16.220 Yep. 00:26:16.220 --> 00:26:18.680 And data classes in 3.7. 00:26:18.680 --> 00:26:19.300 Yeah. 00:26:19.300 --> 00:26:20.920 So lots of cool stuff. 00:26:20.920 --> 00:26:21.620 Fantastic. 00:26:21.620 --> 00:26:27.920 Marie Schreiner out of the audience says it's the top features from each of the versions since 3.0. 00:26:27.920 --> 00:26:31.740 So not everything, not extensive, but like sort of the big hitters. 00:26:31.740 --> 00:26:32.100 Yeah. 00:26:32.100 --> 00:26:38.920 I wasn't going to say top because, you know, there's a lot of people that worked on a whole bunch of other stuff that are on the list and I appreciate them as well. 00:26:38.920 --> 00:26:40.380 Yeah, absolutely. 00:26:40.760 --> 00:26:43.920 And some of it's just setting the groundwork for the next amazing thing. 00:26:43.920 --> 00:26:44.400 Yeah. 00:26:44.400 --> 00:26:47.380 Well, let's, let's wrap up the show with something funny. 00:26:47.380 --> 00:26:48.620 All right. 00:26:48.620 --> 00:26:49.500 Ready for a joke. 00:26:49.500 --> 00:26:49.900 All right. 00:26:49.900 --> 00:26:54.960 This is a joke by Jen Gentleman, but called to our attention by Luke Morley. 00:26:54.960 --> 00:26:58.360 And it says, Jen says, a programmer had a problem. 00:26:58.360 --> 00:27:00.580 He thought, I know, I'll solve it with async. 00:27:00.580 --> 00:27:02.320 Has problems now, period, too. 00:27:02.320 --> 00:27:02.540 He. 00:27:02.540 --> 00:27:05.880 Because of race conditions, of course. 00:27:05.880 --> 00:27:06.720 Yeah. 00:27:06.720 --> 00:27:08.060 I like it. 00:27:09.160 --> 00:27:09.920 I like it, too. 00:27:09.920 --> 00:27:11.660 Quick and simple, but yeah. 00:27:11.660 --> 00:27:14.380 There's a lot of variations on that joke and they're all good. 00:27:14.380 --> 00:27:14.940 Yeah. 00:27:14.940 --> 00:27:16.040 Most of them are good, I guess. 00:27:16.040 --> 00:27:16.580 Anyway. 00:27:16.580 --> 00:27:19.100 Well, thanks again, Michael, for joining me today. 00:27:19.100 --> 00:27:20.420 And it's a great episode. 00:27:20.420 --> 00:27:21.020 Yeah.