WEBVTT 00:00:00.001 --> 00:00:05.100 Hello and welcome to Python Bytes, where we deliver Python news and headlines directly to your earbuds. 00:00:05.100 --> 00:00:09.000 This is episode 387, recorded June 12th. 00:00:09.000 --> 00:00:10.540 And I'm Brian Hawken. 00:00:10.540 --> 00:00:11.780 And I'm Michael Kennedy. 00:00:11.780 --> 00:00:14.300 This episode is sponsored by Scout APM. 00:00:14.300 --> 00:00:16.160 Listen to their segment later in the show. 00:00:16.160 --> 00:00:24.020 Connect with your hosts, as always, through Fosstodon, at Adam Kennedy, at Brian Hawken, and at Python Bytes. 00:00:24.020 --> 00:00:25.420 We'd love to hear from you. 00:00:25.420 --> 00:00:28.360 Send in those topics, too. 00:00:28.660 --> 00:00:33.820 You can also, there's a contact list on pythonbytes.fm. 00:00:33.820 --> 00:00:35.000 You can send things that way, too. 00:00:35.000 --> 00:00:40.760 And if you'd like to join the show while we're recording, like some of the people right now, 00:00:40.760 --> 00:00:47.160 you can join us on YouTube at pythonbytes.fm/live to be part of the audience. 00:00:47.160 --> 00:00:50.460 It's usually Tuesdays at 10 a.m. Pacific time. 00:00:50.460 --> 00:00:55.880 And you can also use that to find the link to catch older episodes as well. 00:00:56.160 --> 00:01:04.300 And finally, before we get started, if you'd like to have all these topics and the links to everything we talk about sent directly to your inbox, 00:01:04.300 --> 00:01:12.120 you can go to pythonbytes.fm and become one of our friends of the show and join that list. 00:01:12.120 --> 00:01:14.420 And we'll send those emails to you every week. 00:01:14.420 --> 00:01:15.080 Super useful. 00:01:15.080 --> 00:01:16.320 A lot of people are signing up to them. 00:01:16.320 --> 00:01:20.580 Brian, really quickly, before we jump into the topics, you mentioned Fosstodon. 00:01:20.580 --> 00:01:25.860 I got a comment on YouTube, I suppose, is the right place to, where it came from. 00:01:25.860 --> 00:01:31.280 Somebody said, this guy, me, has gone completely crazy because he joined Mastodon. 00:01:31.280 --> 00:01:36.020 Then he joined invite-only Mastodon because Fosstodon went to invite-only. 00:01:36.460 --> 00:01:41.820 I'm like, but you can join any, there's thousands of servers, join any one you want. 00:01:41.820 --> 00:01:45.740 So you don't have to be on Fosstodon directly to talk with us. 00:01:45.740 --> 00:01:48.780 It's just the same, you know, most people I talk to are not on Fosstodon. 00:01:48.780 --> 00:01:57.500 If you want an invite to that private server or invite-only server, which I think that's just trying to limit the scope for the admins and the cost of it and stuff, 00:01:57.500 --> 00:02:01.060 happy to send you on, but yeah, just any old Mastodon will do. 00:02:01.060 --> 00:02:03.540 It doesn't have to be Fosstodon in particular. 00:02:03.540 --> 00:02:04.940 Nope, doesn't have to be. 00:02:04.940 --> 00:02:05.340 Yeah. 00:02:05.340 --> 00:02:07.760 It's not Slack, it's not Discord, it's something else. 00:02:07.760 --> 00:02:08.900 It's the Fediverse. 00:02:08.900 --> 00:02:16.820 But if you really want to get into Fosstodon, go into the contact form on our site and send us an email and one of us will send you an invite. 00:02:16.820 --> 00:02:17.800 Exactly. 00:02:17.800 --> 00:02:20.920 Well, how should we start the show, Michael? 00:02:20.920 --> 00:02:25.000 Let's herald in a new era of SQL interactions, shall we? 00:02:25.000 --> 00:02:26.100 With the data herald. 00:02:26.100 --> 00:02:30.360 So this comes just under the organization data herald. 00:02:30.360 --> 00:02:42.580 And the idea is you have a SQL database like Postgres or Microsoft SQL Server or whatever, but you are not, either you don't have SQL skills or you don't want to bother your SQL skills. 00:02:42.580 --> 00:02:45.420 This is kind of like for me with regular expressions, right? 00:02:45.420 --> 00:02:51.540 Like I can do regular expressions, but I will take a lot of steps to not actually do regular expressions. 00:02:51.540 --> 00:02:53.200 You know what I mean? 00:02:53.200 --> 00:02:55.440 So this is like that for SQL. 00:02:55.440 --> 00:03:04.700 It's a natural language to SQL engine built for enterprise level question and answering on top of relational data. 00:03:04.960 --> 00:03:13.100 So maybe you've got a database with a bunch of analytics, a bunch of customers, whatever, contacts for like a CRM type thing. 00:03:13.100 --> 00:03:22.400 And you want to let your somewhat technical people just talk to the thing instead of making them learn SQL or use some kind of BI tool. 00:03:22.400 --> 00:03:23.660 So you just put this thing on top of you. 00:03:23.660 --> 00:03:29.580 You're like, tell me all, you know, how much sales did we get from the Philippines last month? 00:03:29.580 --> 00:03:30.580 Something like that. 00:03:30.580 --> 00:03:30.760 Right. 00:03:30.760 --> 00:03:34.280 Which you could write that as a SQL expression, but you don't have to. 00:03:35.280 --> 00:03:35.700 Yeah. 00:03:35.700 --> 00:03:43.480 So some of the features are you can allow business users to get insights into data warehouses without bothering the data analyst. 00:03:43.480 --> 00:03:49.140 You can enable Q&A chat on top of production databases inside your SaaS application. 00:03:49.140 --> 00:03:53.620 That one sounds a little risky, but, you know, maybe internally it's fine. 00:03:53.620 --> 00:03:55.920 You got like a self-hosted one or something like that. 00:03:55.920 --> 00:03:59.940 Or you could create a chat GPD plugin for your proprietary data even. 00:03:59.940 --> 00:04:02.640 Pretty interesting stuff, right? 00:04:02.640 --> 00:04:04.080 This is super cool. 00:04:04.080 --> 00:04:04.560 Yeah. 00:04:04.560 --> 00:04:05.000 Yeah. 00:04:05.000 --> 00:04:05.520 Yeah. 00:04:05.520 --> 00:04:06.520 I haven't tried it yet. 00:04:06.520 --> 00:04:10.400 It's half Python, half JavaScript, 0.3% Docker. 00:04:10.400 --> 00:04:18.480 But the 0.3% Docker comes from the fact that if you want to just run it locally, you can just Docker compose up basically. 00:04:18.480 --> 00:04:23.320 So they actually have that all put together in a script, but you just Docker run off it goes. 00:04:23.320 --> 00:04:24.040 Yeah. 00:04:24.340 --> 00:04:30.000 So it's made up of a bunch of different things, an engine, some enterprise rules like permissions and stuff, an admin console. 00:04:30.000 --> 00:04:35.040 And interestingly, one final thing to throw out here before we move on is a Slack bot. 00:04:35.040 --> 00:04:42.280 So you can add the data herald for your database to your Slack channel and then talk to it as part of your Slack conversation. 00:04:42.280 --> 00:04:44.140 What's the deal with this? 00:04:44.140 --> 00:04:44.700 It's like, I don't know. 00:04:44.700 --> 00:04:48.520 Let's just ask the data herald, you know, and go and send it a message. 00:04:48.520 --> 00:04:50.420 And I think that's actually pretty interesting. 00:04:50.420 --> 00:04:53.280 I think it's, yeah, it's funny. 00:04:53.460 --> 00:04:55.080 It's interesting and kind of funny. 00:04:55.080 --> 00:04:57.820 I kind of forgot that a lot of people are still using Slack. 00:04:57.820 --> 00:04:59.300 Are you slacking off? 00:04:59.300 --> 00:05:00.500 You're not paying attention anymore, right? 00:05:00.500 --> 00:05:01.860 I'm slacking off. 00:05:01.860 --> 00:05:02.320 Yes. 00:05:02.320 --> 00:05:05.040 I still have a Slack. 00:05:05.040 --> 00:05:05.360 No. 00:05:05.360 --> 00:05:05.680 Yeah. 00:05:06.340 --> 00:05:11.400 I have a Slack channel for the course and the book, but it doesn't give a lot of activity. 00:05:11.400 --> 00:05:11.760 So. 00:05:11.760 --> 00:05:13.120 Yeah. 00:05:13.120 --> 00:05:14.300 I'm always torn about these things. 00:05:14.300 --> 00:05:15.920 I want to set up something like that. 00:05:15.920 --> 00:05:20.380 But Discord seems to have a little more traction for public places like that. 00:05:20.380 --> 00:05:22.680 The Slack pricing has gotten really weird. 00:05:23.120 --> 00:05:23.400 Yeah. 00:05:23.400 --> 00:05:26.780 It's for free on open source stuff and big projects. 00:05:26.780 --> 00:05:31.780 It's like, it's got a 90 day limit on it and it throws stuff away, which is a problem. 00:05:31.780 --> 00:05:32.080 So. 00:05:32.080 --> 00:05:32.760 Yeah, exactly. 00:05:32.760 --> 00:05:36.020 I want to set up rocket.chat, which is pretty awesome. 00:05:36.020 --> 00:05:42.520 It's like a self hosted or you can buy their hosting, but it's like open source, a lot nicer, 00:05:42.520 --> 00:05:44.580 white label, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. 00:05:45.020 --> 00:05:49.360 The only thing is like, if you want to get people to come in and use it and they do, 00:05:49.360 --> 00:05:53.240 do they want to have like another app open and remember to go to another place. 00:05:53.240 --> 00:05:55.340 I think that's the challenge with Discord and Slack. 00:05:55.340 --> 00:05:56.760 It's like, well, I already have that open. 00:05:56.760 --> 00:06:00.460 So now I get notifications for that versus here's one more thing to run. 00:06:00.460 --> 00:06:03.300 But yeah, this is something I'm thinking about. 00:06:03.300 --> 00:06:04.180 It could be fun. 00:06:04.180 --> 00:06:12.120 I switched the pytest course recently from Teachable to Podia and Podia has a community 00:06:12.120 --> 00:06:15.060 aspect where you can ask questions and answers and stuff like that. 00:06:15.060 --> 00:06:19.540 I haven't turned it on yet, but I'm planning on doing that soon just because it solves that 00:06:19.540 --> 00:06:20.820 extra login problem. 00:06:20.820 --> 00:06:22.580 They already have a login to get to the course. 00:06:22.580 --> 00:06:23.600 Right, exactly. 00:06:23.600 --> 00:06:25.280 And I can put it right in there. 00:06:25.280 --> 00:06:26.440 So anyway. 00:06:26.440 --> 00:06:27.200 Cool. 00:06:27.200 --> 00:06:27.920 Maybe someday. 00:06:27.920 --> 00:06:28.800 All right. 00:06:28.800 --> 00:06:30.220 Well, Data Herald, check it out, people. 00:06:30.220 --> 00:06:32.120 If you want to talk to your SQL. 00:06:32.120 --> 00:06:33.520 Talk to your SQL. 00:06:33.520 --> 00:06:34.220 Talk to your database. 00:06:34.220 --> 00:06:35.360 All right. 00:06:35.360 --> 00:06:39.880 If you'd like to talk to just random stuff in Python. 00:06:40.880 --> 00:06:42.460 I don't know how to transition to this. 00:06:42.460 --> 00:06:48.840 The topic I want to talk about is an article by Trey Hunter called Python's Mini Command Line 00:06:48.840 --> 00:06:49.320 Utilities. 00:06:49.320 --> 00:06:53.240 And I knew a lot of this stuff was around, but I always forget about it. 00:06:53.240 --> 00:06:55.180 So I love it when people bring this up. 00:06:55.180 --> 00:07:02.080 So the thing is, in Python, all the built-in stuff, there's standard library stuff. 00:07:02.080 --> 00:07:07.380 And usually you get at it from your Python code by saying import something, like import data 00:07:07.380 --> 00:07:09.200 classes or something like that. 00:07:09.620 --> 00:07:17.900 But some of this stuff has activities built into the dunder main of it in the subproject. 00:07:17.900 --> 00:07:24.420 So that if you write Python-m and then the built-in module, something happens. 00:07:24.420 --> 00:07:25.840 And there's a bunch of them. 00:07:25.840 --> 00:07:27.480 So this is what this article is about. 00:07:27.480 --> 00:07:39.140 And the famous one that is Python-m anti-gravity, which pops open in the KCD comic, which is kind 00:07:39.140 --> 00:07:40.800 of awesome that we have that in the language. 00:07:42.240 --> 00:07:43.680 I never get tired of that one. 00:07:43.680 --> 00:07:44.240 Yeah. 00:07:44.240 --> 00:07:47.620 But it does the import this thing. 00:07:47.620 --> 00:07:53.380 But so there's a whole bunch of cool tools that I was looking at. 00:07:53.380 --> 00:07:56.820 There's general purpose tools that I didn't even know was there. 00:07:56.820 --> 00:07:59.980 Calendar is one of them that is actually really handy. 00:07:59.980 --> 00:08:05.320 So if you just type Python-m calendar, it prints out the current year's calendar, which 00:08:05.320 --> 00:08:08.900 actually, I used to have a desk calendar. 00:08:08.900 --> 00:08:10.180 I don't have a desk calendar anymore. 00:08:10.600 --> 00:08:13.940 So having something like that pop up really easily, really helpful. 00:08:13.940 --> 00:08:17.060 And you can also give it a specific date. 00:08:17.060 --> 00:08:20.960 So if you're like, well, what's my anniversary going to fall on in a couple years? 00:08:20.960 --> 00:08:22.940 You can look that up. 00:08:22.940 --> 00:08:25.100 So really handy to have that around. 00:08:25.100 --> 00:08:30.060 There's the HTTP server, which is built in, which is fun. 00:08:30.060 --> 00:08:31.980 JSON tool is pretty awesome, actually. 00:08:31.980 --> 00:08:35.340 JSON tool lets you nicely format some JSON data. 00:08:35.340 --> 00:08:38.620 Some great stuff there, general purpose. 00:08:39.840 --> 00:08:43.020 There's categories that Trey has put these into. 00:08:43.020 --> 00:08:47.300 And I love the especially handy on a Windows machine category. 00:08:47.300 --> 00:08:54.860 These are Unix-y utilities that I often miss when I'm on a random Windows setup. 00:08:55.440 --> 00:08:58.860 And I never really remember how to get them safely. 00:08:58.860 --> 00:09:01.940 And so having them built into Python, I didn't even know these were here. 00:09:01.940 --> 00:09:04.540 Like gzip and tar. 00:09:04.540 --> 00:09:10.200 I didn't know that I could use gzip and tar easily on Windows with just Python, built in Python. 00:09:10.200 --> 00:09:11.280 How cool is that? 00:09:12.280 --> 00:09:15.460 There's a FTP lib has a built-in FTP utility. 00:09:15.460 --> 00:09:18.020 You can, it's kind of a quick FTP client. 00:09:18.020 --> 00:09:19.160 Nice. 00:09:19.740 --> 00:09:22.120 I don't really need Telnet very much. 00:09:22.120 --> 00:09:24.160 But some of these are pretty nice. 00:09:24.160 --> 00:09:25.000 IMAP lib. 00:09:25.000 --> 00:09:27.740 I didn't know that you could curl to read email through Python. 00:09:27.740 --> 00:09:28.300 Cool. 00:09:28.300 --> 00:09:31.680 Going down, analyzing. 00:09:31.680 --> 00:09:34.580 These are analyzing Python code. 00:09:34.580 --> 00:09:35.040 Huh. 00:09:35.040 --> 00:09:36.120 Tokenize looks fun. 00:09:36.240 --> 00:09:39.000 AST, actually, I did know that. 00:09:39.000 --> 00:09:44.520 Using AST to get an abstract syntax tree for some code from the command line. 00:09:44.520 --> 00:09:48.440 A couple of the ones, what did I want to highlight? 00:09:48.440 --> 00:09:50.940 There's working with code. 00:09:50.940 --> 00:09:52.640 I don't know. 00:09:52.640 --> 00:09:55.980 There's just a whole bunch of fun stuff in here. 00:09:55.980 --> 00:10:00.340 You can get Hello World as a command line argument, or the command line tool. 00:10:00.340 --> 00:10:02.180 It prints Hello World. 00:10:02.180 --> 00:10:03.620 That's funny. 00:10:03.620 --> 00:10:05.380 Sure, why not? 00:10:05.900 --> 00:10:07.080 Python-M this. 00:10:07.080 --> 00:10:08.580 We'll do the Zen of Python. 00:10:08.580 --> 00:10:10.080 But an internal demo. 00:10:10.080 --> 00:10:11.140 Yeah. 00:10:11.140 --> 00:10:14.500 Anyway, fun to check out. 00:10:14.500 --> 00:10:17.180 And these are pretty good stuff. 00:10:17.180 --> 00:10:17.920 Good stuff here. 00:10:17.920 --> 00:10:21.860 Yeah, there's a lot more there than I imagine most people know. 00:10:21.860 --> 00:10:22.520 That's pretty awesome. 00:10:22.520 --> 00:10:23.620 Pretty awesome. 00:10:23.620 --> 00:10:30.880 And there's even a little demo of using cprofile and pstats for getting some profiling of your code. 00:10:30.880 --> 00:10:31.840 Very cool. 00:10:31.840 --> 00:10:33.040 All right. 00:10:33.040 --> 00:10:34.740 What else is cool? 00:10:35.560 --> 00:10:36.660 I would say our sponsor. 00:10:36.660 --> 00:10:40.640 Let me tell you real quick about Scout APM. 00:10:40.640 --> 00:10:44.420 They're big supporters of Python Bytes, so we appreciate that very much. 00:10:45.000 --> 00:10:53.860 So if you are tired of spending hours trying to find the root cause of issues impacting your performance, then you owe it to yourself to check out Scout APM. 00:10:54.080 --> 00:10:55.080 They're a leading Python application. 00:10:55.080 --> 00:11:01.080 They're a leading Python application performance monitoring tool. 00:11:01.080 --> 00:11:02.080 It's an important tool. 00:11:02.080 --> 00:11:02.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:02.080 --> 00:11:02.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:02.080 --> 00:11:02.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:02.080 --> 00:11:02.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:02.080 --> 00:11:02.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:02.080 --> 00:11:02.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:02.080 --> 00:11:03.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:03.080 --> 00:11:04.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:04.080 --> 00:11:05.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:05.080 --> 00:11:06.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:06.080 --> 00:11:07.080 It's an easy way to find the root cause of the Python application. 00:11:07.080 --> 00:11:12.740 queries, background jobs, and the dreaded N plus one queries that you can end up if you do lazy 00:11:12.740 --> 00:11:18.060 loading in your ORM. And then you say, oh no, why is it so slow? Why are you doing 200 database queries 00:11:18.060 --> 00:11:22.560 for what should be one? So you can find out things like that. And it links it back directly to source 00:11:22.560 --> 00:11:28.060 code so you can spend less time in the debugger and healing logs and just finding the problems and 00:11:28.060 --> 00:11:32.820 moving on. And you'll love it because it's built for developers by developers. It makes it easy to 00:11:32.820 --> 00:11:37.640 get set up. Seriously, you can do it in less than four minutes. So that's awesome. And the best part 00:11:37.640 --> 00:11:44.080 is the pricing is straightforward. You only pay for the data that you use with no hidden overage fees 00:11:44.080 --> 00:11:51.620 or per seat pricing. And I just learned this, Brian. They also have, they provide the pro version for free 00:11:51.620 --> 00:11:57.040 to all open source projects. So if you're an open source maintainer and you want to have Scout APM for 00:11:57.040 --> 00:12:01.760 that project, just shoot them a message or something on their pricing page about that. So you can start 00:12:01.760 --> 00:12:08.100 your free trial and get instant insights today. Visit pythonbytes.fm/scout. The link is in 00:12:08.100 --> 00:12:12.720 your podcast player show notes as well. And please use that link. Don't just search for them because 00:12:12.720 --> 00:12:16.920 otherwise they don't think you came from us. And then they'd stop supporting the show. So please 00:12:16.920 --> 00:12:21.920 use our link pythonbytes.fm/scout. Check them out. It really supports the show. 00:12:21.920 --> 00:12:24.240 Definitely. Definitely. Thank you, Scout. 00:12:24.240 --> 00:12:27.340 Okay. How about we talk about Wolfie? 00:12:27.340 --> 00:12:28.180 Oh, neat. 00:12:28.180 --> 00:12:29.620 Do you know Wolfie? 00:12:30.000 --> 00:12:31.220 No, but I like the name. 00:12:31.220 --> 00:12:39.860 The name is good. So Wolfie, this comes to us from Patrick Smith. And this is a project from 00:12:39.860 --> 00:12:48.300 Chain Guard, which is a company that makes specialized Docker images. So the idea is, 00:12:48.300 --> 00:12:55.240 it's based on this idea of distro-less images. Have you heard of distro-less images? I never had. 00:12:55.340 --> 00:13:02.520 I'm like, what is this? So normally a Docker image, it shares the Linux runtime kernel, 00:13:02.520 --> 00:13:08.900 but then you layer on whatever else you want to add. So, you know, you get the Ubuntu image, 00:13:08.900 --> 00:13:15.160 it comes with apt and bash and all those kinds of things. Systemd, which you're very unlikely to be 00:13:15.160 --> 00:13:21.420 using in Docker and so on. So those are helpful to have if you might want to run across them, 00:13:21.480 --> 00:13:29.000 but they're also, they have a couple of problems. One is they just make the images larger. So you might have a gigabyte image instead of 50 megabyte image, 00:13:29.000 --> 00:13:34.140 if you're going to push it to Docker Hub or something like that, or other people are going to download it. And you'd rather have that smaller, right? 00:13:34.140 --> 00:13:34.660 Yeah. 00:13:34.820 --> 00:13:53.280 And the other one is those things all open up security vulnerabilities and bugs and other issues, right? If there's a bug in something that you weren't using, but it's there, you know, possibly somebody could use that to level up and hack your system, right? That would be less than good. 00:13:53.280 --> 00:14:08.440 So these often, these distro-less images often, or containers often come with, without even a package manager like apt or a shell at all, which makes them very small and very constrained in what people can do with them, right? 00:14:08.440 --> 00:14:20.440 So you can't like open up a shell and do something if literally the shell doesn't exist. However, debugging them is a challenge because, you know, one thing you can do with a running container that is misbehaving, 00:14:20.440 --> 00:14:33.120 as you can say, Docker exec container name, bash or sh, and then get in there and sort of do exploratory stuff, right? So that is a drawback, but they are way more secure, which is pretty cool. 00:14:33.120 --> 00:14:49.140 So this Wolfie thing, they make specialized distro-less containers, now that we know what those are, and they're just super stripped down, but so much so that in general, the distro-less images are so stripped down that you can't run Python, right? 00:14:49.920 --> 00:15:05.680 For example, or other things. So these come with, where is it down here somewhere? Anyway, it comes with, it's basically distro-less images that are built specifically with just enough to run Python. 00:15:05.680 --> 00:15:27.360 So that you can go in and get it working just right. And then once you're sure it's good, you just push it out to production and, you know, count on your logging, I guess. What do you think? Interesting? 00:15:27.360 --> 00:15:28.360 Yeah, I think so. 00:15:28.360 --> 00:15:36.020 Yeah, much smaller, much more secure because it can't do anything. 00:15:36.360 --> 00:15:42.760 And I found the answer, my thought was, why Wolfie? And it's inspired by the world's smallest octopus. 00:15:42.760 --> 00:15:50.180 Yes, of course. The wolf octopus, no, Wolfie. It's very cool. Octopuses are cool as well. 00:15:50.180 --> 00:16:00.420 And, you know, more and more projects and even projects within companies are caring about software build materials or S-BOMs. 00:16:00.420 --> 00:16:08.100 And so minimizing the things that go in your distribution and helps to make that smaller, your S-BOMs smaller. 00:16:08.100 --> 00:16:17.200 So having that be part of Wolfie, including high quality build time S-BOMs is a good addition there. That's cool. 00:16:17.200 --> 00:16:28.840 Yeah, it's cool you caught on to that. That's another nice thing is they specifically call out all the software build materials and having so much less, well, it makes it easier to do so, I suppose. 00:16:28.840 --> 00:16:30.340 Yeah, yeah, definitely. 00:16:30.340 --> 00:16:30.980 Neat. 00:16:30.980 --> 00:16:32.100 Yeah, indeed. 00:16:33.100 --> 00:16:48.180 I ran across recently some, I really like caching. So things like the idea of a memoization or caching of a function. 00:16:48.180 --> 00:16:58.300 So it's where if you run a function once, it does it, does the work. But if you run it again with the same input, it just remembers the answer. 00:16:58.300 --> 00:17:03.140 But there's different ways to do that. And I'm going to highlight a few that I thought were interesting. 00:17:03.140 --> 00:17:15.080 Funktools cache, of course, and I really like that Funktools cache has the cache shortcut because you can just say at cache for a function. 00:17:15.320 --> 00:17:19.840 And for a lot of stuff that doesn't have a lot of different input, it works great. 00:17:19.840 --> 00:17:31.580 So I've got some projects where it'll be a lot of work, but I call it several times and I could cache that externally, but just throwing cache over the top makes it work great. 00:17:31.860 --> 00:17:36.060 So for a lot of cases, just the built-in Funktools cache works awesome. 00:17:36.060 --> 00:17:45.160 If you need more detail, cache is actually just a shortcut into LRU cache with the defaults filled in. 00:17:45.160 --> 00:17:50.880 But you can set the max size or set type also with LRU cache. 00:17:50.880 --> 00:17:56.220 However, you might need more control. And that's where some of these other things come in. 00:17:56.460 --> 00:18:00.440 So there's an extension or a third-party library called CacheTools. 00:18:00.440 --> 00:18:06.380 And CacheTools has just more, you've got more control over it. 00:18:06.380 --> 00:18:10.340 You've got, you can use an LRU cache or a TTL cache. 00:18:10.340 --> 00:18:15.120 TTL caches are interesting because they have time to live built into it. 00:18:15.120 --> 00:18:23.580 So the cache can disappear after minutes or seconds or whatever makes sense for your application to remember things for a while, but then let them go. 00:18:23.580 --> 00:18:24.740 That's super handy. 00:18:25.180 --> 00:18:26.080 Yeah, really handy. 00:18:26.080 --> 00:18:36.680 Not just because it alleviates the cache management from it being too much, but one of the big problems in computer science is cache invalidation, right? 00:18:36.680 --> 00:18:44.840 Like, if it's doing something, I'd say like calling an API, which is the example right on this page, is you don't want to just hit that. 00:18:44.840 --> 00:18:47.340 For example, there's a weather API at a location. 00:18:47.340 --> 00:18:50.620 Like, given the location, the weather doesn't change that fast. 00:18:50.900 --> 00:18:52.800 So let's only refresh every 10 minutes. 00:18:52.800 --> 00:18:55.580 You put that on there and boom, and it's completely managed it, right? 00:18:55.580 --> 00:18:56.100 Yeah. 00:18:56.100 --> 00:19:04.080 And I like the example of weather because we know weather doesn't, the weather forecast isn't going to change that much in the next, you know, I don't know what the 600 is. 00:19:04.340 --> 00:19:05.640 I think it's seconds, 10 minutes. 00:19:05.640 --> 00:19:06.120 Okay. 00:19:06.120 --> 00:19:09.480 So yeah, it's not going to change in 10, you know, refresh it every 10 minutes. 00:19:09.620 --> 00:19:16.060 But for various other APIs, you might know about the API, how often it's updated. 00:19:16.060 --> 00:19:23.180 And if it's only updated once an hour, you don't need to hit it every time your code hits it. 00:19:23.180 --> 00:19:24.000 You can cache that. 00:19:24.000 --> 00:19:25.620 That's pretty neat for TTL. 00:19:25.620 --> 00:19:26.080 I love that. 00:19:26.080 --> 00:19:30.700 So building on top of this is another tool called CacheBox. 00:19:30.700 --> 00:19:33.780 So the other one, first one we talked about was CacheTools. 00:19:33.780 --> 00:19:36.700 Now CacheBox is a similar kind of thing. 00:19:36.700 --> 00:19:44.960 We've got lots of APIs that we can use for it, like LRU Cache and TTL Cache. 00:19:44.960 --> 00:19:47.840 It's a similar API as this other one. 00:19:47.840 --> 00:19:53.080 But there's also like an LFU Cache, least frequently used. 00:19:53.080 --> 00:19:54.340 Least frequently used, I bet. 00:19:54.340 --> 00:20:01.720 And so some other things, but one of the fun things about this is it's written in Rust. 00:20:01.720 --> 00:20:04.340 So for a couple of reasons. 00:20:04.340 --> 00:20:06.440 It's to speed it up a little bit. 00:20:06.440 --> 00:20:13.660 And I mean, but there's also, you could probably do larger objects in there because it's a low memory usage. 00:20:13.660 --> 00:20:17.640 It says it's a third of the size of a dictionary. 00:20:17.640 --> 00:20:22.640 So you're going to use less memory than you would storing it as Python objects. 00:20:23.440 --> 00:20:31.040 So that's pretty cool, especially if you're caching like the output of an API that's a big JSON blob or something. 00:20:31.040 --> 00:20:38.840 So really cool projects if you're trying to speed things up or save memory with the caching. 00:20:38.840 --> 00:20:40.180 So nice. 00:20:40.180 --> 00:20:41.940 Yeah, that's very cool. 00:20:41.940 --> 00:20:43.480 I did not know about it. 00:20:43.480 --> 00:20:44.140 I'm excited. 00:20:44.140 --> 00:20:45.080 Yeah, that's very neat. 00:20:45.380 --> 00:20:49.360 Cachebox just showed up a few days ago that I was aware of. 00:20:49.360 --> 00:20:51.000 I thought, oh, this is interesting. 00:20:51.000 --> 00:20:53.640 And yeah, it looks like it's only a couple weeks old. 00:20:53.640 --> 00:20:54.840 Two weeks old for the repo. 00:20:54.840 --> 00:20:55.100 Yeah. 00:20:55.100 --> 00:20:55.660 Very new. 00:20:55.660 --> 00:20:56.560 Excellent. 00:20:56.560 --> 00:20:57.920 I will definitely give that a look. 00:20:57.920 --> 00:20:59.220 All right. 00:20:59.220 --> 00:21:00.960 Any extras? 00:21:01.840 --> 00:21:07.040 I have had one extra, but then our conversation made me have two extras. 00:21:07.040 --> 00:21:08.960 So I'll just throw it out there. 00:21:08.960 --> 00:21:12.380 I'll just throw into the show notes, the rocket.chat. 00:21:12.380 --> 00:21:13.000 So people have that. 00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:13.820 We already talked about that. 00:21:13.820 --> 00:21:20.840 So Brian, I've been for many, many years a fan of bartender, not the drinking, but the Mac app. 00:21:20.840 --> 00:21:21.280 Yeah. 00:21:21.280 --> 00:21:24.300 You know, in Mac, you have this bar across the top. 00:21:24.300 --> 00:21:28.900 It's sort of equivalent to the task notification area on Windows. 00:21:29.680 --> 00:21:33.360 For some reason, putting stuff up there on Mac is super popular. 00:21:33.360 --> 00:21:34.560 I just counted. 00:21:34.560 --> 00:21:37.940 I have 28 icons in that thing, and it's ridiculous. 00:21:37.940 --> 00:21:39.580 Yeah. 00:21:39.580 --> 00:21:42.120 Being able to control that, it's not a little nice. 00:21:42.120 --> 00:21:42.560 Yeah. 00:21:42.560 --> 00:21:48.960 It's super nice, especially if you're doing presentations like at a conference or for courses or live streams. 00:21:48.960 --> 00:21:55.040 You can just hide more stuff away, and you don't have to have it there, you know, showing weird notifications and stuff. 00:21:55.040 --> 00:21:58.520 But it turns out, like, this bartender app is pretty cool. 00:21:58.940 --> 00:22:03.900 There's some uncertainty about its current status, though. 00:22:04.400 --> 00:22:10.820 So bartender was recently sold to another company, but no one announced that it was sold. 00:22:10.820 --> 00:22:19.600 And they were trying to kind of like, there's nothing to see here until app monitoring service said, you know, that this is, this is looking a little suspicious. 00:22:19.600 --> 00:22:24.520 It's just like, maybe people are buying this to do more deeper tracking. 00:22:24.520 --> 00:22:25.940 Maybe they were doing this to do more. 00:22:25.940 --> 00:22:31.400 Not illegally, but just sort of digging deeper into seeing what you're doing. 00:22:31.400 --> 00:22:36.980 This is bad because it has full screen recording access, access to hotkeys, all sorts. 00:22:36.980 --> 00:22:39.140 So it's got a lot of permissions, this app. 00:22:39.140 --> 00:22:39.500 Yeah. 00:22:39.560 --> 00:22:43.100 So on Mac rumors, let's see. 00:22:43.100 --> 00:22:44.020 What's the CEO? 00:22:44.520 --> 00:22:50.980 So the original article was PSA bartender Mac app under new ownership, but lack of transparency raises concerns. 00:22:50.980 --> 00:22:56.860 Like the guy who sold it didn't even, wasn't willing to acknowledge it until months later. 00:22:56.860 --> 00:22:59.560 And the company that bought it still doesn't, won't talk about it. 00:22:59.560 --> 00:23:01.520 So it's like, a little sus. 00:23:01.520 --> 00:23:02.220 Anyway. 00:23:02.340 --> 00:23:04.560 So I want to link to a thing on Mac rumors. 00:23:04.560 --> 00:23:06.000 Sorry, windows people. 00:23:06.000 --> 00:23:12.860 I know this is not that interesting, but for you, but six bartender alternatives to manage your Mac's menu bar. 00:23:12.860 --> 00:23:15.280 And a lot of them are open source. 00:23:15.280 --> 00:23:24.020 So for example, I'm using ice, which is available on GitHub with like 8,000 stars, you know, pretty nice. 00:23:24.020 --> 00:23:24.860 And guess what? 00:23:24.860 --> 00:23:27.720 It works almost exactly the same. 00:23:27.720 --> 00:23:28.560 It's free. 00:23:28.560 --> 00:23:29.420 It's open source. 00:23:29.420 --> 00:23:31.560 You know, why didn't I just use this earlier? 00:23:31.880 --> 00:23:36.320 There's a few features coming that it doesn't quite have, but for the most part, I think it's really good already. 00:23:36.320 --> 00:23:37.120 That's pretty cool. 00:23:37.120 --> 00:23:38.100 I should check that out. 00:23:38.100 --> 00:23:38.480 Yeah. 00:23:38.480 --> 00:23:43.480 So I've, I've banished bartender just out of a abundance of caution sort of thing. 00:23:43.480 --> 00:23:43.900 All right. 00:23:43.900 --> 00:23:44.820 That's it for my extras. 00:23:44.820 --> 00:23:45.520 How about you? 00:23:45.520 --> 00:23:47.060 just a couple. 00:23:47.060 --> 00:23:47.680 Let's see. 00:23:47.680 --> 00:23:53.860 I just wanted to let people know, the Python 3.12.4 is out. 00:23:53.860 --> 00:23:55.400 So, decent. 00:23:55.400 --> 00:23:59.460 I haven't checked to see what is new in dot four, probably book fixes. 00:23:59.460 --> 00:24:00.560 So don't know. 00:24:01.200 --> 00:24:02.860 but, it's there. 00:24:02.860 --> 00:24:08.340 and then, another, another recent release is, I don't usually keep up on these 00:24:08.340 --> 00:24:14.200 two tightly, but VS Code, the June is Python for Visual Studio Code. 00:24:14.200 --> 00:24:19.160 and then, the June release, includes, a pytest improvement. 00:24:19.160 --> 00:24:23.140 So, there is, there's an ongoing, it's been going on for a while. 00:24:23.140 --> 00:24:28.220 They're, they're rewriting some of the Python testing, functionality. 00:24:28.720 --> 00:24:33.580 And there's a link in this, in the release note to, to how to, how to change that so that 00:24:33.580 --> 00:24:34.140 you can see it. 00:24:34.140 --> 00:24:39.460 But if you're using the updated, testing rewrite, there's some changes that should, 00:24:39.460 --> 00:24:43.520 should help, just help, help things work a little better. 00:24:43.520 --> 00:24:45.440 So, very cool. 00:24:45.800 --> 00:24:47.120 nice, nice additions. 00:24:47.120 --> 00:24:48.300 That's all my extras. 00:24:48.300 --> 00:24:49.320 Yeah. 00:24:49.320 --> 00:24:54.960 I, want to say that when I saw you put into the show notes about an hour ago, or when I 00:24:54.960 --> 00:24:58.900 saw that they were in the show notes, oh, that three, three 12.4 is out. 00:24:58.980 --> 00:25:02.120 I just quick updated a number in the Docker setup. 00:25:02.120 --> 00:25:02.760 Boom. 00:25:02.760 --> 00:25:08.600 All the apps are upgraded to three, four, 13.4, which is, three, 13.4, which are 12.4, 00:25:08.600 --> 00:25:10.220 which is pretty awesome. 00:25:10.220 --> 00:25:11.540 No way that all works, right? 00:25:11.540 --> 00:25:12.460 All right. 00:25:12.460 --> 00:25:13.780 how about a joke? 00:25:13.780 --> 00:25:14.900 That sounds great. 00:25:14.900 --> 00:25:20.300 So before I show this, you know, in CSS, we've got different, different settings. 00:25:20.300 --> 00:25:24.120 You've got visibility, importance, opacity. 00:25:24.620 --> 00:25:29.720 What if you made a series of superheroes or villains or cartoons out of CSS? 00:25:29.720 --> 00:25:31.200 Well, that's the joke. 00:25:31.200 --> 00:25:33.380 So I'll link to this and we won't go through all of them. 00:25:33.380 --> 00:25:39.500 You guys can check it out, but it's called CSS cartoons by Alvaro Montoro. 00:25:39.500 --> 00:25:43.160 And we've got the cloud developer and the cloud developer. 00:25:43.160 --> 00:25:46.220 this is a CSS class dot cloud developer. 00:25:46.220 --> 00:25:47.820 Background is Azure. 00:25:47.820 --> 00:25:50.660 The color isolation is isolate. 00:25:50.660 --> 00:25:51.780 Rest is none. 00:25:51.780 --> 00:25:54.420 Stress is a 100 and content is none. 00:25:54.420 --> 00:25:57.940 They have like cool little pictures of, of like graphics of each. 00:25:57.940 --> 00:25:58.880 So check them out. 00:25:58.880 --> 00:25:59.800 We have a King. 00:25:59.800 --> 00:26:01.640 The position is absolute. 00:26:01.640 --> 00:26:02.980 The richness is 100. 00:26:02.980 --> 00:26:04.940 The color is Royal blue. 00:26:04.940 --> 00:26:07.380 And it says, you got to know your CSS. 00:26:07.380 --> 00:26:10.480 It says ampersand greater than colon first child. 00:26:10.480 --> 00:26:14.940 So stuff can, you know, the first child of all the things contained directly within it. 00:26:14.940 --> 00:26:17.160 All, all colon inherit. 00:26:17.160 --> 00:26:17.880 Isn't that awesome? 00:26:17.880 --> 00:26:21.440 let's see. 00:26:21.440 --> 00:26:21.920 That's great. 00:26:22.260 --> 00:26:23.900 We've got phantom of the opera, Brian. 00:26:23.900 --> 00:26:25.820 This is a, there can only be one of these. 00:26:25.820 --> 00:26:26.900 So it's not a class. 00:26:26.900 --> 00:26:28.140 It's a, ID. 00:26:28.140 --> 00:26:32.820 So hash phantom of the opera mask URL hash face. 00:26:32.820 --> 00:26:38.560 Backface visibility, hidden visibility, hidden pitch is low. 00:26:38.560 --> 00:26:39.700 Volume is soft. 00:26:39.700 --> 00:26:41.820 Phantom of the opera. 00:26:42.320 --> 00:26:42.900 All right. 00:26:42.900 --> 00:26:43.820 We have a winner. 00:26:43.820 --> 00:26:46.980 Order is one running first color gold. 00:26:46.980 --> 00:26:53.880 And then after, you know, colon colon after content is, the, like the first place trophy. 00:26:53.880 --> 00:26:55.620 We have a dictator. 00:26:55.620 --> 00:26:57.500 See the dictator down here in the bottom, Brian. 00:26:57.500 --> 00:26:58.120 See how he looks. 00:26:58.120 --> 00:26:58.880 He's so forbidding. 00:26:58.880 --> 00:27:02.440 a dictator is a class because there can be more than one. 00:27:02.440 --> 00:27:04.720 Of course, position fixed exclamation mark. 00:27:04.720 --> 00:27:05.200 Important. 00:27:05.200 --> 00:27:06.140 Cannot be overridden. 00:27:06.140 --> 00:27:07.380 Will change. 00:27:07.380 --> 00:27:08.020 Order. 00:27:08.460 --> 00:27:08.900 Important. 00:27:08.900 --> 00:27:09.960 Opacity. 00:27:09.960 --> 00:27:10.380 Zero. 00:27:10.380 --> 00:27:10.940 Important. 00:27:10.940 --> 00:27:13.700 Everything's important because of the dictator. 00:27:13.700 --> 00:27:15.060 You can't overwrite it or change it. 00:27:15.060 --> 00:27:15.820 Border. 00:27:15.820 --> 00:27:17.120 Double solid. 00:27:17.120 --> 00:27:19.140 And then dot country has. 00:27:19.140 --> 00:27:20.800 Not dot supporter. 00:27:20.800 --> 00:27:22.120 Will change. 00:27:22.120 --> 00:27:22.680 Orphans. 00:27:22.680 --> 00:27:23.160 Widows. 00:27:23.160 --> 00:27:23.700 Important. 00:27:23.700 --> 00:27:25.320 And translate. 00:27:25.320 --> 00:27:27.540 100 V max to zero. 00:27:27.540 --> 00:27:29.480 Anyway, it just goes on and on. 00:27:29.480 --> 00:27:30.660 Like the scroll bar goes forever. 00:27:30.660 --> 00:27:31.720 We've got a basketball player. 00:27:31.720 --> 00:27:33.680 I encourage people to check this out. 00:27:33.680 --> 00:27:34.980 It's pretty awesome. 00:27:34.980 --> 00:27:35.380 That's pretty good. 00:27:35.380 --> 00:27:35.860 Yeah. 00:27:35.860 --> 00:27:36.160 Yeah. 00:27:36.500 --> 00:27:38.620 CSS jokes or cartoons. 00:27:38.620 --> 00:27:39.380 Very good. 00:27:39.380 --> 00:27:41.060 All right. 00:27:41.060 --> 00:27:43.780 Another awesome episode. 00:27:43.780 --> 00:27:47.780 Thank you, Michael, for meeting me today to talk about Python. 00:27:47.780 --> 00:27:50.200 As always, thank you everyone for listening. 00:27:50.200 --> 00:27:50.840 See you later.